SOURCE OF TRIAL MEDICINE:

The required drugs were purchased from a raw drug shop and raw drugs were authenticated by the medicinal botanist in National Institute of Siddha. The drugs were purified and medicine was prepared in Gunapadam laboratory of National institute of Siddha. The prepared medicine was also authenticated by the Head of the Department of Gunapadam for its completeness.

AUTHENTICATION:

The herbal raw drugs were authenticated by the medical botanist, in National Institute of Siddha, Chennai. Pacchai Karpooram (Bornea camphor) was identified and authenticated from dept. of Gunapaadam in National Institute of Siddha, Tambaram Sanatorium Chennai⁴⁷.

METHOD OF PURIFICATION:

PURIFICATION OF PACCHAI KARPOORAM:

It is to be soaked in the juice extracted from sengazhuneer flower for 1 nazhigai (24 mins) and then dried.

[Ref: Sikitcha Rathina deepam pg no.36]

PURIFICATION OF ELAVANGAPATTAI:

Dried in moon light.

[Ref: Sikitcha Rathina deepam page no 32]

PURIFICATION OF SATHIKKAI:

The skin is peeled off and cut into small pieces and dried in sunlight.

[Ref:Sikitcha Rathina deepam page no 29]

PURIFICATION OF NERVALAM:

The seeds are to be cooked in the extract of buffalo dung and washed. Then it is cut into two halves, the skin is peeled off and the sprout like inner part are removed. Then place it and tie in a cloth tied loosely and kept cooked in raw rice, remove it when the rice is completely cooked. Repeat the procedure once again.Then the seeds are boiled in milk washed and dried. Finally the seeds are fried in the castor oil coated bowl and stored.

[Ref; Sikitcha Rathina deepam page no 33]

PURIFICATION OF KATRAZHAI:

The skin is peeled off and washed with running water for 7 times

Method of preparation:

The above mentioned first 3 drugs each of 2 kazhanchu (10gms) is grinded along with the juice of aloevera for about 4 samam (12 hours) and then with nervalam. Now this is made into a ulunthalavu (65mg) tablet and is dried in the shade and collected.¹⁸

Bio-chemical analysis of Pacchai Karpoora Mathirai¹⁹

The bio-chemical analysis of Pacchai Karpoora Mathirai was done in Biochemistry lab, National Institute of siddha, Chennai-47. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening was done by Kolkate (1) method.

Preparation of extract:

5gm of of Pacchai Karpoora Mathirai was weighed accurately and placed in a 250ml clean beaker and 50ml of distilled water was added with it. Then it was boiled well for about 10 minutes. Then it was allowed to cool and filtered in a 100ml volumetric flask and made up to 100ml with distilled water.

· Test for Calcium :

§ 2 ml of extract was taken in a clean test tube. To this add 2 ml of 4% ammonium oxide solution.

· Test for Sulphate :

§ 2 ml of the extract was added to 5% barium chloride solution.

· Test for Chloride :

§ The extract was treated with Silver nitrate solution

o Test for carbonate :

§ The substance was treated with Conc. HCl.

· Test for Starch :

§ The extract was added with weak iodine solution.

· Test for Aluminium:

§ To the 2 ml of the extract sodium hydroxide is added in drops to excess.

· Test for Iron (Ferric) :

§ The extract was treated with glacial acetic acid and potassium ferrocyanide

· Test for Iron (Ferrous) :

§ The extract was treated with Conc. HNO3 and ammonium thiocynate.

· Test for Zinc:

§ To 20 ml of the extract sodium hydroxide solution is added in drops to excess.

· Test for phosphate :

§ The extract was treated with ammonium molybdate and conc. HNO3.

Test for Tannic acid :

§ The extract was treated with Ferric chloride

o Test for Unsaturation :

§ 1 ml of Potassium permanganate solution was added to the extract.

· Test for Magnesium:

§ To 20 ml of the extract sodium hydroxide solution is added in drops to excess.

· Test for saponins:

§ Dilute extract+ 1ml of distilled water shake well.

· Test for sugars :

o Benedict method ; 5ml of Benedict solution heated gently then add 8 drops of diluted extract then heated in a boiling water bath.

o Molisch test; Dilute extract+2 drops of Molisch+3ml conc.H2SO4.

· Test for amino acids:

§ Dilute extract +2ml of Ninhydrin‘ssoln.

Test for proteins:

§ Biuret method; 1ml of dilute extract+1ml of 5% CuSO4 + 1% NaOH.

· Test for Flavanoids:

§ Dilute extract+ mg bits+2drops of conc.HCl and gently heated.

· Test for phenol:

§ Dilute extract+2drops of FeCl3 soln.

· Test for Tannins :

§ Dilute extract +2ml of 10%lead acetate added.

· Test for alkaloids;

§ Mayer‘s method; 1ml of dilute extract + 1ml reagent. Dragendroff‘s method; 1ml of dilute extract+ 1ml of reagent.

RESULT BIO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:

The bio-chemical analysis of Pacchai Karpoora Mathirai shows the presence of Carbonate, Aluminium, Zinc, Magnesium.

CONCLUSION:

Pacchai Karpoora Mathirai is siddha drug taken from siddha literature used in the treatment of all type of suram(fever). The drug is screened for its biochemical properties for the potency of the drug shows the presence of Carbonate, Aluminium, Zinc, Magnesium. biochemical constituents of Pacchai Karpoora Mathirai Carbonate, Aluminium, Zinc, Magnesium are effectively used in the treatment of fever.^1,2,3,4

REFERENCES:

1. Ali Demir, Ibrahim Erayaman, Murat Kekilli, Influence of aluminium salts on COVID-19 infected patient.

2. Chuan –Feng Tang, Hong Ding, and Ling Dong Kong possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patient with COVID-19, European journal of pharmacology

3. Food navigator.com-Zinc fight fever

4. Robert H, Gerner, Sheldon M, Wolff, Anthony S. Fauci, Lithium Carbonate for Recurrent Fever and Neutropenia, Jama Net work.

5. K. S. Murugesa Mudhaliar, Ponn. Sironmani, Kuzhandhai Maruthuvam, 4^th Edition, 2007

6. Sundharajan, Pillaipini maruthuvam,4 th edition

7. S Chidambaradhanu Pillai, Kuzhandhaikalin Noigal, Siddha Medical Literature Research Centre, part 3, 1 st Edition.

8. Nelson, Text book of Paediatrics Volume II second edition page 1174

9. S. Somasundaram, Taxonomy of Angiosperms, 2 nd Edition, 2003.

10. K. S. Murugesa Mudhaliar, Gunapadam, Porut Panbu Nool, Mooligai Vagupu, 2 nd Edition, 2006.

11. Sornamariyammal, Siddha Marunthakiyal Vidhigalum Seimuraigalum, 1 st edition, 1995.

12. R. Thiyagarasan, Gunapadam (Thathu – Seeva vagupu), 4 th Edition, 2004.

13. The Reputed Antipyretic Action of Camphor. Eldon M. Boyd, and Kathleen G. W. Seymour. From the Department of Pharmacology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

14. Journal of Advanced scientific research.j.adv.sci.reg, 2010. (2):19-23.

15. The American journal of chinese medicine, (An international journal of comparative medicine east and west).

16. Food chemistry (volume-94, issue 4, march 2006, pages 520-528

17. Antibacterial activity of myristica fragrans evidence based complementary and alternative medicine volume 2012(2012) article ID825362, 7 pages.

18. Siddha Maruntaakiyal Vidhigalum Seimuraigalum, Dr. Sornamaariyammal, Directorate of Indian medicine, Chennai

19. Junaid R Shaikhand Mk Patil, Qualitative test for preliminary phytochemical screening; An overview, International Journal of Chemical Study.

20. Maruthuva Thavaraviyal, S. Somasundharam –MSc, MPHIL, Phd vol1 21. Noinadal-1 and 2 M. Shanmugavelu. H.P.I.M)

Received on 26.12.2022 Modified on 19.01.2023

Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2023; 13(2):140-142.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5675.2023.00023

Pacchai karpooram (Borneo camphor)	-	2 Kazhanchu (10gm)
Elavanga pattai (Cinnamomum verum)	-	2 Kazhanchu (10gm)
Saathikkai (Myristica fragrans)	-	2 Kazhanchu (10gm)
Nervalam (Croton tiglium)	-	6 Kazhanchu (30gm)
Katrazhai saaru (Aloe vera juice)	-	Required amount^{9,10,11,12,20}